Region: HAW
Geographic Zones: Pipe Dreams
Survey Types: Species & Abundance, Species Only
Dates: 1/1/93 - 11/8/24
Total Surveys: 100
#Species Reported: 208
Average Species Reported on a Survey by Expert Surveyors: 80.87
Average Species Reported on a Survey by Novice Surveyors: 47.68
Survey Type: SA = Species & Abundance; SO = Species Only - How to interpret REEF data?
Click a column header to sort by that column. Hold shift and click to sort by multiple columns
Surveys | Bottom Time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expert | Novice | |||||
Code | Name | SA | SO | SA | SO | (H:M) |
5 | Hawaii (The Big Island) | 62 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 116:15 |
52 | Kona Coast (Keahole Pt. - Ka Lae/South Pt.) | 62 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 116:15 |
5201 | North Kona Coast (Keahole Pt. - Cook Pt./N. side of Kealakekua Bay) | 62 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 116:15 |
52010048 | Pipe Dreams | 62 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 116:15 |
TOTALS | 62 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 116:15 |
Species
%SF = Sighting Frequency; DEN = Density Score - How to interpret REEF data?
Bar length corresponds to sighting frequency
Color saturation corresponds to density score
Click + to display species image and additional information.
Bar length corresponds to sighting frequency
Color saturation corresponds to density score
Click + to display species image and additional information.
Lei Triggerfish - Triggerfish
(Sufflamen bursa)
(Sufflamen bursa)
Moorish Idol - Moorish Idol
(Zanclus cornutus)
(Zanclus cornutus)
Yellow Tang - Surgeonfish
(Zebrasoma flavescens)
(Zebrasoma flavescens)
Bird Wrasse - Wrasse
(Gomphosus varius)
(Gomphosus varius)
Arc-Eye Hawkfish - Hawkfish
(Paracirrhites arcatus)
(Paracirrhites arcatus)
Fourspot Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon quadrimaculatus)
(Chaetodon quadrimaculatus)
Goldring Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Ctenochaetus strigosus)
(Ctenochaetus strigosus)
Multiband Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon multicinctus)
(Chaetodon multicinctus)
Ornate Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon ornatissimus)
(Chaetodon ornatissimus)
Manybar Goatfish - Goatfish
(Parupeneus multifasciatus)
(Parupeneus multifasciatus)
Orangespine Unicornfish - Surgeonfish
(Naso lituratus)
(Naso lituratus)
Saddle Wrasse - Wrasse
(Thalassoma duperrey)
(Thalassoma duperrey)
Bullethead Parrotfish (Pacific) - Parrotfish
(Chlorurus spilurus)
(Chlorurus spilurus)
Orangeband Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus olivaceus)
(Acanthurus olivaceus)
Hawaiian Sergeant - Damselfish
(Abudefduf abdominalis)
(Abudefduf abdominalis)
Blackfin Chromis - Damselfish
(Pycnochromis vanderbilti)
(Pycnochromis vanderbilti)
Hawaiian Cleaner Wrasse - Wrasse
(Labroides phthirophagus)
(Labroides phthirophagus)
Peacock Grouper - Seabass
(Cephalopholis argus)
(Cephalopholis argus)
Pinktail Triggerfish (aka Pinktail Durgon) - Triggerfish
(Melichthys vidua)
(Melichthys vidua)
Raccoon Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon lunula)
(Chaetodon lunula)
Eightstripe Wrasse (aka Eightline Wrasse) - Wrasse
(Pseudocheilinus octotaenia)
(Pseudocheilinus octotaenia)
Hawaiian Whitespotted Toby - Pufferfish
(Canthigaster jactator)
(Canthigaster jactator)
Pacific (Agile) Chromis - Damselfish
(Pycnochromis pacifica)
(Pycnochromis pacifica)
Brown Surgeonfish (aka Lavender Tang) - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus nigrofuscus)
(Acanthurus nigrofuscus)
Forcepsfish (aka Longnose Butterflyfish) - Butterflyfish
(Forcipiger flavissimus)
(Forcipiger flavissimus)
Blue-eye Damselfish - Damselfish
(Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus)
(Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus)
Blackside Hawkfish - Hawkfish
(Paracirrhites forsteri)
(Paracirrhites forsteri)
Ornate Wrasse - Wrasse
(Halichoeres ornatissimus)
(Halichoeres ornatissimus)
Trumpetfish (aka Pacific Trumpetfish) - Trumpetfish
(Aulostomus chinensis)
(Aulostomus chinensis)
Yellowtail Coris - Wrasse
(Coris gaimard)
(Coris gaimard)
Bluestripe Snapper - Snapper
(Lutjanus kasmira)
(Lutjanus kasmira)
Chocolate Dip Damselfish - Damselfish
(Pycnochromis hanui)
(Pycnochromis hanui)
Longnose Butterflyfish (aka Big Longnose Butterflyfish) - Butterflyfish
(Forcipiger longirostris)
(Forcipiger longirostris)
Palenose Parrotfish - Parrotfish
(Scarus psittacus)
(Scarus psittacus)
Pyramid Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Hemitaurichthys polylepis)
(Hemitaurichthys polylepis)
Island (Doublebar) Goatfish - Goatfish
(Parupeneus insularis)
(Parupeneus insularis)
Black Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis)
(Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis)
Redlip Parrotfish (aka Ember Parrotfish) - Parrotfish
(Scarus rubroviolaceus)
(Scarus rubroviolaceus)
Thompson's Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus thompsoni)
(Acanthurus thompsoni)
Belted Wrasse - Wrasse
(Stethojulis balteata)
(Stethojulis balteata)
Indo-Pacific Sergeant - Damselfish
(Abudefduf vaigiensis)
(Abudefduf vaigiensis)
Potter's Angelfish - Angelfish
(Centropyge potteri)
(Centropyge potteri)
Smalltooth Jobfish (aka Forktail Snapper) - Snapper
(Aphareus furca)
(Aphareus furca)
Gilded Triggerfish - Triggerfish
(Xanthichthys auromarginatus)
(Xanthichthys auromarginatus)
Barred Filefish - Filefish
(Cantherhines dumerili)
(Cantherhines dumerili)
Hawaiian Gregory - Damselfish
(Stegastes marginatus)
(Stegastes marginatus)
Ringtail Wrasse - Wrasse
(Oxycheilinus unifasciatus)
(Oxycheilinus unifasciatus)
Bright-eye Damselfish - Damselfish
(Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis)
(Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis)
Hawaiian Orbicular Velvetfish (aka Hawaiian Coral Croucher) - Orbicular Velvetfish
(Caracanthus typicus)
(Caracanthus typicus)
Sleek Unicornfish - Surgeonfish
(Naso hexacanthus)
(Naso hexacanthus)
Fourstripe Wrasse (aka Fourline Wrasse) - Wrasse
(Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia)
(Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia)
Threespot Chromis - Damselfish
(Chromis verater)
(Chromis verater)
Goldrim Surgeonfish (aka Goldrim Tang) - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus nigricans)
(Acanthurus nigricans)
Bigscale Soldierfish - Squirrelfish
(Myripristis berndti)
(Myripristis berndti)
Disappearing Wrasse - Wrasse
(Pseudocheilinus evanidus)
(Pseudocheilinus evanidus)
Black Durgon (aka Black Triggerfish) - Triggerfish
(Melichthys niger)
(Melichthys niger)
Whitemouth Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax meleagris)
(Gymnothorax meleagris)
Teardrop Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon unimaculatus)
(Chaetodon unimaculatus)
Bigeye Emperor - Emperor
(Monotaxis grandoculis)
(Monotaxis grandoculis)
Sailfin Tang (Pacific) - Surgeonfish
(Zebrasoma velifer)
(Zebrasoma velifer)
Yellowtail Filefish - Filefish
(Pervagor aspricaudus)
(Pervagor aspricaudus)
Thompson's Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Hemitaurichthys thompsoni)
(Hemitaurichthys thompsoni)
Hawaiian Dascyllus - Damselfish
(Dascyllus albisella)
(Dascyllus albisella)
Threadfin Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon auriga)
(Chaetodon auriga)
Bluespine Unicornfish - Surgeonfish
(Naso unicornis)
(Naso unicornis)
Paletail Unicornfish - Surgeonfish
(Naso brevirostris)
(Naso brevirostris)
Ringtail Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus blochii)
(Acanthurus blochii)
Achilles Tang - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus achilles)
(Acanthurus achilles)
Spotted Puffer - Pufferfish
(Arothron meleagris)
(Arothron meleagris)
Spotted Boxfish - Boxfish
(Ostracion meleagris)
(Ostracion meleagris)
Whitebar Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus leucopareius)
(Acanthurus leucopareius)
Yellowstripe Goatfish (aka Squarespot Goatfish) - Goatfish
(Mulloidichthys flavolineatus)
(Mulloidichthys flavolineatus)
Epaulette Soldierfish (aka Pearly Soldierfish) - Squirrelfish
(Myripristis kuntee)
(Myripristis kuntee)
Gosline's Fangblenny - Blenny
(Plagiotremus goslinei)
(Plagiotremus goslinei)
Rockmover Wrasse - Wrasse
(Novaculichthys taeniourus)
(Novaculichthys taeniourus)
Tahitian Squirrelfish (aka Bluestripe Squirrelfish) - Squirrelfish
(Sargocentron tiere)
(Sargocentron tiere)
Bluefin Trevally - Jack
(Caranx melampygus)
(Caranx melampygus)
Blueline Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus nigroris)
(Acanthurus nigroris)
Blacklip Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon kleinii)
(Chaetodon kleinii)
Stareye Parrotfish - Parrotfish
(Calotomus carolinus)
(Calotomus carolinus)
Blue Goatfish - Goatfish
(Parupeneus cyclostomus)
(Parupeneus cyclostomus)
Whitespotted Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus guttatus)
(Acanthurus guttatus)
Pennantfish (aka Pennant Butterflyfish) - Butterflyfish
(Heniochus diphreutes)
(Heniochus diphreutes)
Squaretail Filefish - Filefish
(Cantherhines sandwichiensis)
(Cantherhines sandwichiensis)
Eyestripe Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus dussumieri)
(Acanthurus dussumieri)
Convict Tang - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus triostegus)
(Acanthurus triostegus)
Stocky Hawkfish - Hawkfish
(Cirrhitus pinnulatus)
(Cirrhitus pinnulatus)
Wedgetail Triggerfish (aka Reef Triggerfish) - Triggerfish
(Rhinecanthus rectangulus)
(Rhinecanthus rectangulus)
Speckled Scorpionfish - Scorpionfish
(Sebastapistes coniorta)
(Sebastapistes coniorta)
Mackerel Scad - Jack
(Decapterus macarellus)
(Decapterus macarellus)
Milletseed Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon miliaris)
(Chaetodon miliaris)
Redbarred Hawkfish - Hawkfish
(Cirrhitops fasciatus)
(Cirrhitops fasciatus)
White-tail Chromis - Damselfish
(Pycnochromis leucura)
(Pycnochromis leucura)
Yellowfin Goatfish - Goatfish
(Mulloidichthys vanicolensis)
(Mulloidichthys vanicolensis)
Ewa Fangblenny - Blenny
(Plagiotremus ewaensis)
(Plagiotremus ewaensis)
Iridescent Cardinalfish - Cardinalfish
(Pristiapogon kallopterus)
(Pristiapogon kallopterus)
Taylor's Pygmygoby - Goby
(Trimma taylori)
(Trimma taylori)
Shortbodied Blenny (aka Spotted Coral Blenny) - Blenny
(Exallias brevis)
(Exallias brevis)
Christmas Wrasse - Wrasse
(Thalassoma trilobatum)
(Thalassoma trilobatum)
Saber Squirrelfish (aka Longjaw Squirrelfish) - Squirrelfish
(Sargocentron spiniferum)
(Sargocentron spiniferum)
Chub Sp. - Unidentified - Chub
(Kyphosus sp.)
(Kyphosus sp.)
Saddleback Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon ephippium)
(Chaetodon ephippium)
Shortnose Wrasse - Wrasse
(Macropharyngodon geoffroy)
(Macropharyngodon geoffroy)
Sidespot Goatfish - Goatfish
(Parupeneus pleurostigma)
(Parupeneus pleurostigma)
Highfin Chub - Chub
(Kyphosus cinerascens)
(Kyphosus cinerascens)
Spotted Eagle Ray - Stingray
(Aetobatus ocellatus)
(Aetobatus ocellatus)
Blackspot Sergeant - Damselfish
(Abudefduf sordidus)
(Abudefduf sordidus)
Leatherback - Jack
(Scomberoides lysan)
(Scomberoides lysan)
Ambon Toby - Pufferfish
(Canthigaster amboinensis)
(Canthigaster amboinensis)
Oval Chromis - Damselfish
(Chromis ovalis)
(Chromis ovalis)
Yellowmargin Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax flavimarginatus)
(Gymnothorax flavimarginatus)
Cornetfish (aka Bluespotted Cornetfish) - Cornetfish
(Fistularia commersonii)
(Fistularia commersonii)
Golden Green Goby - Goby
(Priolepis aureoviridis)
(Priolepis aureoviridis)
Reticulated Frogfish - Frogfish
(Antennatus tuberosus)
(Antennatus tuberosus)
Smalltail Wrasse (aka Pencil Wrasse) - Wrasse
(Pseudojuloides cerasinus)
(Pseudojuloides cerasinus)
Stripebelly Puffer - Pufferfish
(Arothron hispidus)
(Arothron hispidus)
Whip-coral Goby (aka Wire Coral Goby) - Goby
(Bryaninops yongei)
(Bryaninops yongei)
Coastal Manta Ray (aka Reef Manta Ray) - Manta
(Mobula alfredi)
(Mobula alfredi)
Commerson's Frogfish - Frogfish
(Antennarius commerson)
(Antennarius commerson)
Flame Angelfish - Angelfish
(Centropyge loriculus)
(Centropyge loriculus)
Lowfin Chub (aka Brassy Chub) - Chub
(Kyphosus vaigiensis)
(Kyphosus vaigiensis)
Reef Lizardfish - Lizardfish
(Synodus variegatus)
(Synodus variegatus)
Fivestripe Wrasse - Wrasse
(Thalassoma quinquevittatum)
(Thalassoma quinquevittatum)
Redstripe Pipefish - Pipefish & Seahorse
(Dunckerocampus baldwini)
(Dunckerocampus baldwini)
Elegant Coris - Wrasse
(Coris venusta)
(Coris venusta)
Flowery Flounder - Lefteye Flounder
(Bothus mancus)
(Bothus mancus)
Psychedelic Wrasse - Wrasse
(Anampses chrysocephalus)
(Anampses chrysocephalus)
Reticulated Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon reticulatus)
(Chaetodon reticulatus)
Scrawled Filefish - Filefish
(Aluterus scriptus)
(Aluterus scriptus)
Spectacled Parrotfish - Parrotfish
(Chlorurus perspicillatus)
(Chlorurus perspicillatus)
Bicolor (Hawaiian) Chub - Chub
(Kyphosus hawaiiensis)
(Kyphosus hawaiiensis)
Green Sea Turtle - Sea Turtles
(Chelonia mydas)
(Chelonia mydas)
Hawaiian Hogfish - Wrasse
(Bodianus albotaeniatus)
(Bodianus albotaeniatus)
Lined Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon lineolatus)
(Chaetodon lineolatus)
Oval Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon lunulatus)
(Chaetodon lunulatus)
Pacific (Gray) Chub - Chub
(Kyphosus sectatrix)
(Kyphosus sectatrix)
Porcupinefish (aka Giant Porcupinefish) - Porcupinefish
(Diodon hystrix)
(Diodon hystrix)
Leaf Scorpionfish - Scorpionfish
(Taenianotus triacanthus)
(Taenianotus triacanthus)
Twospot Hawkfish - Hawkfish
(Amblycirrhitus bimacula)
(Amblycirrhitus bimacula)
Heller's Barracuda - Barracuda
(Sphyraena helleri)
(Sphyraena helleri)
Scarface Blenny - Blenny
(Cirripectes vanderbilti)
(Cirripectes vanderbilti)
Stout Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax eurostus)
(Gymnothorax eurostus)
Bluestripe Butterflyfish - Butterflyfish
(Chaetodon fremblii)
(Chaetodon fremblii)
Common Bigeye (aka Pacific Glasseye) - Bigeye
(Heteropriacanthus carolinus)
(Heteropriacanthus carolinus)
Finescale Triggerfish - Triggerfish
(Balistes polylepis)
(Balistes polylepis)
Giant Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax javanicus)
(Gymnothorax javanicus)
Hawaiian Squirrelfish - Squirrelfish
(Sargocentron xantherythrum)
(Sargocentron xantherythrum)
Milkfish - Milkfish
(Chanos chanos)
(Chanos chanos)
Titan Scorpionfish - Scorpionfish
(Scorpaenopsis cacopsis)
(Scorpaenopsis cacopsis)
Bandit Angelfish - Angelfish
(Apolemichthys arcuatus)
(Apolemichthys arcuatus)
Devil Scorpionfish - Scorpionfish
(Scorpaenopsis diabolus)
(Scorpaenopsis diabolus)
Fisher's Angelfish - Angelfish
(Centropyge fisheri)
(Centropyge fisheri)
Giant Trevally - Jack
(Caranx ignobilis)
(Caranx ignobilis)
Gray Snapper (aka Green Jobfish) - Snapper
(Aprion virescens)
(Aprion virescens)
Hybrid Indo-Pacific / Hawaiian Sergeant - Damselfish
(Abudefduf sp)
(Abudefduf sp)
Undulated Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax undulatus)
(Gymnothorax undulatus)
Viper Moray - Moray
(Enchelynassa canina)
(Enchelynassa canina)
Yellowfin Surgeonfish - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus xanthopterus)
(Acanthurus xanthopterus)
Blacktail Snapper - Snapper
(Lutjanus fulvus)
(Lutjanus fulvus)
Brick Soldierfish - Squirrelfish
(Myripristis amaena)
(Myripristis amaena)
Crowned Toby - Pufferfish
(Canthigaster coronata)
(Canthigaster coronata)
Keeltail Needlefish - Needlefish
(Platybelone argalus)
(Platybelone argalus)
Spotfin Squirrelfish - Squirrelfish
(Neoniphon sammara)
(Neoniphon sammara)
Surge Wrasse - Wrasse
(Thalassoma purpureum)
(Thalassoma purpureum)
Yellowstripe Squirrelfish - Squirrelfish
(Sargocentron ensifer)
(Sargocentron ensifer)
Hybrid Achilles Tang / Goldrim Tang - Surgeonfish
(Acanthurus sp.)
(Acanthurus sp.)
Peppered Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax pictus)
(Gymnothorax pictus)
Rainbow Runner - Jack
(Elagatis bipinnulata)
(Elagatis bipinnulata)
Regal Parrotfish - Parrotfish
(Scarus dubius)
(Scarus dubius)
Bridled Triggerfish - Triggerfish
(Sufflamen fraenatum)
(Sufflamen fraenatum)
Crosshatch Triggerfish - Triggerfish
(Xanthichthys mento)
(Xanthichthys mento)
Gray Unicornfish - Surgeonfish
(Naso caesius)
(Naso caesius)
Hawaiian Flagtail - Flagtail
(Kuhlia xenura)
(Kuhlia xenura)
Houndfish (aka Crocodile Needlefish) - Needlefish
(Tylosurus crocodilus)
(Tylosurus crocodilus)
Lizardfish sp. (unidentified) - Lizardfish
(Saurida/Synodus sp.)
(Saurida/Synodus sp.)
Longnose Hawkfish - Hawkfish
(Oxycirrhites typus)
(Oxycirrhites typus)
Lowfin Scorpionfish - Scorpionfish
(Scorpaenodes parvipinnis)
(Scorpaenodes parvipinnis)
Pearl Wrasse - Wrasse
(Anampses cuvier)
(Anampses cuvier)
Snowflake Moray - Moray
(Echidna nebulosa)
(Echidna nebulosa)
Twospot Wrasse - Wrasse
(Oxycheilinus bimaculatus)
(Oxycheilinus bimaculatus)
Whitetip Reef Shark - Shark
(Triaenodon obesus)
(Triaenodon obesus)
Zebra Moray - Moray
(Gymnomuraena zebra)
(Gymnomuraena zebra)
Acute Halfbeak - Halfbeak
(Hyporhamphus acutus)
(Hyporhamphus acutus)
Barred Jack - Jack
(Carangoides ferdau)
(Carangoides ferdau)
Bluestripe Pipefish - Pipefish & Seahorse
(Doryrhamphus melanopleura/excisus)
(Doryrhamphus melanopleura/excisus)
Flame Wrasse - Wrasse
(Cirrhilabrus jordani)
(Cirrhilabrus jordani)
Goldline Squirrelfish - Squirrelfish
(Neoniphon aurolineatus)
(Neoniphon aurolineatus)
Great Barracuda - Barracuda
(Sphyraena barracuda)
(Sphyraena barracuda)
Greater Amberjack - Jack
(Seriola dumerili)
(Seriola dumerili)
Hawaiian Fantail Filefish - Filefish
(Pervagor spilosoma)
(Pervagor spilosoma)
Hawaiian Knifefish - Wrasse
(Cymolutes lecluse)
(Cymolutes lecluse)
Hawaiian Lizardfish (aka Ulae Lizardfish) - Lizardfish
(Synodus ulae)
(Synodus ulae)
Hawaiian Rock Damselfish - Damselfish
(Plectroglyphidodon sindonis)
(Plectroglyphidodon sindonis)
Hawaiian Triplefin - Triplefins
(Enneapterygius atriceps)
(Enneapterygius atriceps)
Indigo Dartfish (aka Spottail Dartfish) - Dartfish
(Ptereleotris heteroptera)
(Ptereleotris heteroptera)
Island Jack - Jack
(Carangoides orthogrammus)
(Carangoides orthogrammus)
Lagoon Triggerfish - Triggerfish
(Rhinecanthus aculeatus)
(Rhinecanthus aculeatus)
Onescale Pygmygoby - Goby
(Trimma unisquamis)
(Trimma unisquamis)
Orangemouth Lizardfish - Lizardfish
(Saurida flamma)
(Saurida flamma)
Panther Flounder - Lefteye Flounder
(Bothus pantherinus)
(Bothus pantherinus)
Shy Filefish - Filefish
(Cantherhines verecundus)
(Cantherhines verecundus)
Sunset Wrasse - Wrasse
(Thalassoma lutescens)
(Thalassoma lutescens)
Tiger Snake Moray - Moray
(Scuticaria tigrina)
(Scuticaria tigrina)
Twospot Lizardfish - Lizardfish
(Synodus binotatus)
(Synodus binotatus)
Twospot Sandgoby - Goby
(Fusigobius duospilus)
(Fusigobius duospilus)
White Remora - Remora
(Remorina albescens)
(Remorina albescens)
Yellowhead (Banded) Moray - Moray
(Gymnothorax rueppelliae)
(Gymnothorax rueppelliae)
Yellowstripe Coris (aka Blackstripe Coris) - Wrasse
(Coris flavovittata)
(Coris flavovittata)